Tracing Out The Defects

 NaQiees Ko Dhondna

 (Tracing Out The Defects)

Kisi Bhi Machine Chahy Jisam Insane Main peda hone wale Naqiees Ko Dhondny (Trace Out) k  liye  Bonyadi Tour Per Teen (Three) Zaraey Istamal Hote hain.

Pehla : Elmi Malomat Theoritcal Information

Dosra : Moshahida Or Tajorbat Practical Experience

Thessra: Testing aozar Or Testing Program Test Equipment Tools And Program

Ub agar Technical NouQta nigah se dekha jaye tou ek Acha Engineer Ya Mechanic Bunny K liye Man Darja Bala Teeno Zaraey Ka Hasool Lazmi hai . kia in k bagher ek Aadmi Acha Engineer Ya Mechanic Bunny Ka Khowab Dekhna chor day. Ji Nahi! Haqiqat main asa har giz nahi hai. or na hi main chata hon k agar aap k pas Aala Taleem k liye Ya Qeemti Test (Equipment) Kharedne k liye wasaeel nahi hai tou aap Ic Field Main Dilchaspi Or Ghor karna Chor day Balky main tou Dil ki Gehrayon se aapni Qaom k Zaheen Nojawan Se Guzarish karna chata hon k wo mali wasaeel se na ghabraye balky ic Qeemti sarmaya(ACHA ZEHAN) Main mojood Qodrat ki aata kardah Salaheyaton ko baroay kar la kar apne liye or Qoom k liye ice tarha naam peda karne ki koshish karay jis tarha donya main aksar ehbab kum Elmi or Gorbat ki halat main rah kar bhi Ghor-O- Fikar or Jedojehad Mosalsal naye karnamy hay nomaya sar injam Diye hain. Yahe To Jazba hai Jis ne Na Chiz Ko bhi aap tuk ye Qeemti Malomat Apni Qomi Zaban main Baham Phonchanay per majboor kia hai warna na tou main pesha war likhne wala hon or na hi Aala Taleem yafta . Bus Ghoro Fikar or Jehdo Jehad karne ka Aadi ho.,

Kher Choriye Youn hi Ek Satah baat darmiyan main aagai. Aaye asal Mozoon ki taraf yani kisi Machine main peda shoda Nooqs ko Dhond ne k liye bayan bala Teeno Zaraey main se humay kon sa Zarya apnana Chaye . Agar cha Teeno Zaraey Ka Istamal kia jaye tou ye" Sone Pe SOHAGA HOGA " Wali baat hia lakin agar kisi wajy se ek Zaheen Insan Teeno Zaraey k istamal ka kisi darja se Motahmil nahi hosakta to jo bazarya iz Bus Zarori hai yaani Elmi malomat agar in ko hasil karne main mamoli si bhi koshish karli jaye to behtar Bataij hasil karlena kuch moshkil kaam nahi sath hi Darjy Zail main hum Inshah Allha Aap ko Computer k chand Test (Equipment) or Test Program k baray main Batayengy k in Elmi Malomat ka Aap ko Motala kar k Test Programo Ko Aazma kar Jo Tajorba Hasil karay ic ko Aapni Qom k Dosry Afrad k liye ek Behtar Technical Taleem Ka Zarya Bana sakay.

Elmi Malomat (Theoretical Informations)  

Jesa k Machine ki Tareef k bayan main Arz kia Ja choka hai k Machin Mojmowa hoti hai Ek Ya Ek se zaid Systems ka or chonky har ek System ko apne Dairay k andar rehtay hovay ek makhsos kam sar injam dena hota hai is liye jub bhi kisi  ek system ki karkardagi main kisi bhi wajay se farak aajaye ga to Motalaka machine main kharabhi peda ho jaye gi. ub chonky kharabi kisi ek system mai peda hivi poori machine main nahi ic liye humay chahye k sub se pehly ye maloom karlay k kisi machine main kon se system mojood hai or in sytems k zimay kon kon se kam sar injam date hai. ic maqsad ko hasil karne k liye Aaye Hum Mandarja Zail Naqqt per Ghor Karte hain.

Pehla Noqta :

Computer main kon kon say Baray or Bonyadi System kaam karte hain.

Dosra Noqta

Kisi ek System k zimay kon kon  se kam sar injam dahi hai.

Teesra Noqta:


kisi system ko kam ki sar injam dahi k liye zaroori (Power) ka zarya kia hai or kitnee miqdar main hona chahye.

Pehla Noqta:

Personal Computer main Mandarja Zail Baray Baray System Kam Karte hain.

1.... BarQee System (Electric System)

2.... Electro Mechanical System (Electromechanical System)

3..... Apreting System (Operating System)

4..... Ideo Display System (Video Display System)

5..... Audio System (Audio System)

6..... Memory System (Memory System)

7..... Deta istoreej system (Data Storage System)

Dosra Noqta: 

Yanee kis System k zimay kon kon se kam ki sar injam dahi hai ic ko samajhne k liye hum har system ko alug alug bayan karay gay Ta k Motalaka System se liyajane wala Mokhtaseer Tour per Aap ki samajh Main Aasakay.

1.... BarQii System (Electric System)

(A) Agar hum Computer ki Zindagi k liye Sub se Zaroori Chiz Power ko Khoon se or Power Supply ko ek Dil se Tushbia dain tou be Jana hoga. kiunky Jub power Monkata ho jati hai ya Power Supply Fail ho jati hai tou computer moorda hojata hai goya burQii System Computer k Doosry Systems Ko Zindah Rukhne Yanii Chalany Or In Se Mofeed kaam lane k liye Zaroori Power Supply Karta hai.

(B) ye System Computer k liye Zaroori BurQii Ruu Ko Taroo Or Connectores Waghera k Zarye Computer k Mokhtalif Hisso tuk laga taar Phonchane ka Zima Daar hai.

(C) Ye system Main Power Supply Ko Trunsformos Rectifires Regulators Or Filters ki Madad se D,C, Woltage main Tabdeel karne ka Zima dar  Hota hai.

2.... Electro Mechanical System

Ice System k Zima Mandarja Zail Amoor ki Sur injaam Dahi hoti hai.

(A) Falaphy Drive ki Motor ko mokarah raftar se Ghomana Chaiye Ek Drive Ki Motor ho. Do ki ho ya Teen Drive ki ya Hard Drive Ho.

(B) Agar Kisi Computer Main Ek Drive Ki lagi Ho to ek Or Teen lagi hon tou Teen k Head Actuators ki Harkat ko Control karna.

(C) Falaphy Disk ko Motalaka Drive k andar Mozbooti se Lock karna.

(D) Hard Disk main Lage Platters Ko Ghomana.

(E) Read/ Write Head Actuators Chah Kisi Hard Disk main Hai Stepper Motor Actuators Luge Hon Ge Voice Coil Actuators Ho Dono Ko Harkat Ko Control Karna.

(F) Hard Disk k andar Read/ Write Peda Ko In k Liye Matain kardah Landing Zone main Park karna. Taky BurQii Ruu Badan Ho jane ki soorat main Ya Mamool k tour per Computer ko band kar dene ki Soorat main Head Ice Track k andar Betha rahe. Jiss ko Aakhri wakt parh raha tha ya Likh raha Tha Bulky Ic ko wapis Landing Zone k liye Makhsoos Salander k Ander La kar bithana ic System ka kaam hai.

3.... Operating System 

Shaid Apko maloom hoga k Computer main Do Operating System kaam karte hain. Pehla Doic Or Dosra Windows Keh lata hai in k Zimay Jo kaam hain ya in se jo kaam liye jate hain wo Mandarja Zail Main Aate hainb.

(A) K/ B ya kisi bhi Doosri (In Put) Device k Zarye di gai Comand ki caman karna.

(B) Aap ki Baham Phonchai Information Ko Storage Device Main Mehfooz karna.

(C) Pehly Se Storage Device per Mehfooz ki howe Itlaa Aat ko Dhond kar Screen Per Dhikana.

(D) Computer K (Set Up) main jo bhi Porze shomaar hote hain ya Hisse late hain in ki kar kardagi ko janna k ek Porze ka dosre Porze k sath Rabta Duroost hai ya nahi.

4....Video Display System

Ye System Mandarja Zail Bary Bary Kaamon ki Sar injaam Dahi karta hai

(A) Chatood , Ray ,Tube (CRT) K Zarye (Electron Beam)  ko Control karna (Pixel)  k Zarye Screen per Picture banana.

(B) Display Adopter ki Madad se asay 4 Qisam k Signal Peda karta hai Jin ko (HSYNC) Horizantel scronization (VSYNC) Vartical Sencronization Or (Video) kaha jata hai Biltarteeb Mandaja Zail Kaam Sar Injaam Date Hain.

(C) (HSYNC) Ye signal Batata hai k (Scan Line) kub Shuroo hone Wali hai .

(D) Display Adopter ki madad se Har Qisam k Tarveeri Khaky ko Store rakhna Taky Jub Or Jiss Qisam ki tasveer ki Screen per Zaroorat ho tou Forann Mohaya kardi jaye. ye Tou Thay chand Bary bary kaam jo Video Display System se humay lena hote hain ..

5.... Audio System

Aam Tour per chonkay Audio system Computer main siraf (BEEP) Ki awaz peda karne (GENERATE) k liye istamal hota hai ic liye ek mechanic k pass itni malomat tou zaroor hoti ho Gi k ye Beep Amoman Computer k kisi system k liye mataeen kardah signal ki yani frequinse ki hadod se tjawooz k wakt peda hoti hai. ya phir kisi system ko ghalat Signal milne per, albatta agar kisi computer main Gharaphics / Color Redater laga ho tou Games waghera ko play karne k liye mokhtalif noyat ki awazay peda karne k liye bhi istamal hota hai. Han ic baat ka aap ko Bahesiat Mechanic zaroori hona chaye k vo kon sa Porza hai. jiss ka Talooq Awaz se hota hai .

Tou aaye aap ko Batayn ye (Timer 2) kehlata or icka ka kaam laud speaker ko awaz k isharay se mohaya karna hota hai. ic k sath hi timer 2 ic baat ko bhi yaqeeni banata hai k computer main Dali gai Disk yani Replaction program ki monaseeb se mokhtalif Qisam ki Audio Frequensi peda ki jaye.

6.... Memory System

Aap ko maloom hoga k Computer main (CPU) K Baad subse Eham Component Memory hai Ici Ehmiat ko Pesh nazar rakhte howe ic se jo baray kaam liye jate hain wo mandarja Zail hain.

(A)Tamam iQsaam ki memory k liye jaga (Space) Farahim karna Rlad Satar Or Chips Waghera k Zarye.

(B) Kisi Program Ki Hidayat wale Signal ko Memory main mojood Dosre Data k Signal k sath Good Mood Na Hone Dena.

(C) Chonkay Momory Bohat Sarii Unitoo Per Moshtamil hoti hai. jin k zarye program ki hidayat ya dosri noyat ka Data bhara hota hai. ek unit ko Bite kaha jata hai. or ye Bite Chonkay apna ek makhsos naam O pata (Address) rakhti hai ic liye jub bhi ic motalaka Bite Ko ic k Motalaka Address se Pokara jay tou Siraf ice ko aana Chaye Dosra Address rakhne wali Bite ko nahi . ic baat ko bhi memory System hi Yaqeeni banata hai.

(D) Timer k Zarye System Clock se Farahim Shoda (Pulses) main se 1.19 Mega (MHZ) Parts wali Ferequenci k (Pulses) hasil kar k in ko  apni taraf se ase Shrah |(Raftar) k sath peda karna jo Computer main Dale gaye Software ki Zaroorat se Motabikat rakhte hon.

(F) Timer ki madad se ase (Interput) signal peda karna jo ic k liye wakt or tarikh waghera ka Taiin karte hon ,Waghera.

7.... Storage System

Personal Computer behtar Storage k bgher be Maksad or Be Fida hai. Ic main kuch shak nahi k Jitna or jis qisam ka kaam Aap (REM) main karna Chahy. Computer ic per Mosbat Jawab de ga magar siraf or siraf BarQii Ru k jari Rehne tuk. lakin jub BurQii Ru Band ho jaye ya fail ho jaye Tou aap k tamam kam Dharay k Dharay Rah jayen ge. Bashar Takay k aap ne in tamam kaamon ki (Back Up) tiyar na karli ho. ic liye ic takhlif dah Soratihall se bachne k liye Computer ka Mostaqil Storage System Ic Silsalay main mandarja Zail kaamon ki sar injaam dahi k liye Humari Madad karta hai.

(A) In Put Device se Diye Gaye Signal ko Storage Media per Montakil Karlena.

(B) Storage Media Chahay Flaphy Disk ka Ho ya Hard Disk ki Plater ka in per Data ko Store karne k liye Dose ki madad se Zameen main Farhim karna Yanii Formating karna Waghera.

Teesra NoQtaa:

yanii Computer main mojood kisi system ko kaam ki sar injaam dahi k liye zaroori power ka zarya kia  hai. or kitnee miqdaar main hona chahye . ic sawal k pehlay hissay ka  jawab ye hai k Computer k safhat main  biyaan karda systems l liye D,C,Power ki zaroorat hoti hai or ic ki miqdaar mosbaat 5 volt se mosbat 12 volt (+5v, +12v) or manfii 5 volt se manfi 12 volt (-5, 12v) jahan tuk Talook hai ic baat ka k konsi jaga yanii kon se System (Component) per kitni miqdaar ka hona Zaroori hai tou ic k liye Aaye Zail main Diye Gaye Table k Aadad O Shomar Per Ghor Karte hain.

 Computer k System Component K Liye Zaroori Power Ki MiQdaar(Curant Impire Main)